ab initio |ˌab əˈniSHēˌō|adverbfrom the beginning (used chiefly in formal or legal contexts): the agreement should be declared void ab initio.adjective [ attrib. ]starting from the beginning: he was instructing ab initio pilots.ORIGIN early 17th cent.: Latin.
agenda |əˈjendə|noun1 a list of items to be discussed at a formal meeting: the question of nuclear weapons had been removed from the agenda.• a plan of things to be done or problems to be addressed: he vowed to put jobs at the top of his agenda | the government had its own agenda.• the underlying intentions or motives of a particular person or group: Miller has his own agenda and it has nothing to do with football.2 an appointment diary.PHRASESon the agenda scheduled for discussion at a meeting: the rights of minorities would be high on the agenda at the conference. • likely or needing to be dealt with or done: his release was not on the agenda | national problems loomed large on the domestic agenda.set the agenda draw up a list of items to be discussed at a meeting. • influence or determine a program of action: the activists set the agenda, and timorous administrators usually go along.ORIGIN early 17th cent. (in the sense ‘things to be done’): from Latin, neuter plural of agendum, gerund of agere ‘do.’
bona fide |ˈbōnə ˌfīd, ˈbänə|adjectivegenuine; real: only bona fide members of the company are allowed to use the logo.adverbchiefly Lawsincerely; without intention to deceive: the court will assume that they have acted bona fide.ORIGIN mid 16th cent.: Latin, literally ‘with good faith,’ ablative singular of bona fides.
(Latin)
bo·na fide
with good faith
caveat |ˈkavēˌät, ˈkäv-|nouna warning or proviso of specific stipulations, conditions, or limitations.• Law a notice, esp. in a probate, that certain actions may not be taken without informing the person who gave the notice.ORIGIN mid 16th cent.: from Latin, literally ‘let a person beware.’
cf.abbreviationcompare with (used to refer a reader to another written work or another part of the same written work).ORIGIN from Latin confer ‘compare.’
circa |ˈsərkə|preposition(often preceding a date) approximately: built circa 1935.ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: Latin.
curriculum vitae |kəˈrik(y)ələm ˈvēˌtī, ˈvītē| (abbr.: CV)noun (pl. curricula vitae |kəˈrik(y)ələ| )a brief account of a person's education, qualifications, and previous experience, typically sent with a job application.ORIGIN early 20th cent.: Latin, literally ‘course of life.’
en masse |än ˈmas|adverbin a group; all together: the board of directors resigned en masse.ORIGIN late 18th cent.: French, literally ‘in a mass.’
en route |än ˈro͞ot, en, äN|adverbduring the course of a journey; on the way: he stopped in Turkey en route to Geneva.ORIGIN late 18th cent.: French (see route) .
et al. |ˌet ˈal, ˌet ˈäl|abbreviationand others (used esp. in referring to academic books or articles that have more than one author): the conclusions of Gardner et al.ORIGIN from Latin et alii .
et cetera |et ˈsetərə, ˈsetrə| (also etcetera)adverbused at the end of a list to indicate that further, similar items are included: we'retrying to resolve problems of obtaining equipment, drugs, et cetera.• indicating that a list is too tedious or clichéd to give in full: we've all got to do our duty, pull our weight, et cetera, et cetera.ORIGIN Latin, from et ‘and’ and cetera ‘the rest’ (neuter plural of ceterus ‘left over’).
i.e. |ˌaɪ ˈi|abbreviationthat is to say (used to add explanatory information or to state something in different words): a walking boot that is synthetic, i.e., not leather or suede.ORIGIN from Latin id est ‘that is.’
in vitro |in ˈvēˌtrō|adjective& adverbBiology(of processes or reactions) taking place in a test tube, culture dish, or elsewhere outside a living organism: [ as adj. ] : in vitro fertilization. The opposite of in vivo.ORIGIN Latin, literally ‘in glass.’
in vivo |in ˈvēvō|adverb& adjectiveBiology(of processes) taking place in a living organism. The opposite of in vitro.ORIGIN Latin, ‘in a living thing.’
per capita |pər ˈkapitə|adverb& adjectivefor each person; in relation to people taken individually: [ as adv. ] : the state had fewer banks per capita than elsewhere | [ as adj. ] : per capita spending.ORIGIN late 17th cent.: Latin, literally ‘by heads.’
per se |pər ˈsā|adverbby or in itself or themselves; intrinsically: it is not these facts per se that are important.ORIGIN Latin.
post hoc |ˈpōst ˈhäk|adjective& adverboccurring or done after the event: a post hoc justification for the changes.PHRASESpost hoc, ergo propter hoc after this, therefore resulting from it: used to indicate that a causal relationship has erroneously been assumed from a merely sequential one.ORIGIN Latin, literally ‘after this.’
postmortem |pōstˈmôrtəm|noun(also postmortem examination)an examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death.• an analysis or discussion of an event held soon after it has occurred, esp. in order to determine why it was a failure: an election postmortem on why the party lost.adjective [ attrib. ]of or relating to a postmortem: a postmortem report.• happening after death: postmortem changes in his body | [ as adv. ] : assessment of morphology in nerves taken postmortem.ORIGIN mid 18th cent.: from Latin, literally ‘after death.’
RSVP |ˌɑ ˌrɛs ˌvi ˈpi|abbreviationrépondez s'il vous plaît, or please reply (used at the end of invitations to request aresponse).ORIGIN French.
voila |vwäˈlä| (also voilà)exclam.there it is; there you are: “Voila!” she said, producing a pair of strappy white sandals.ORIGIN French voilà .
agenda |əˈjendə|noun1 a list of items to be discussed at a formal meeting: the question of nuclear weapons had been removed from the agenda.• a plan of things to be done or problems to be addressed: he vowed to put jobs at the top of his agenda | the government had its own agenda.• the underlying intentions or motives of a particular person or group: Miller has his own agenda and it has nothing to do with football.2 an appointment diary.PHRASESon the agenda scheduled for discussion at a meeting: the rights of minorities would be high on the agenda at the conference. • likely or needing to be dealt with or done: his release was not on the agenda | national problems loomed large on the domestic agenda.set the agenda draw up a list of items to be discussed at a meeting. • influence or determine a program of action: the activists set the agenda, and timorous administrators usually go along.ORIGIN early 17th cent. (in the sense ‘things to be done’): from Latin, neuter plural of agendum, gerund of agere ‘do.’
bona fide |ˈbōnə ˌfīd, ˈbänə|adjectivegenuine; real: only bona fide members of the company are allowed to use the logo.adverbchiefly Lawsincerely; without intention to deceive: the court will assume that they have acted bona fide.ORIGIN mid 16th cent.: Latin, literally ‘with good faith,’ ablative singular of bona fides.
bo·na fide
/ˌbōnə ˈfīdē/
caveat |ˈkavēˌät, ˈkäv-|nouna warning or proviso of specific stipulations, conditions, or limitations.• Law a notice, esp. in a probate, that certain actions may not be taken without informing the person who gave the notice.ORIGIN mid 16th cent.: from Latin, literally ‘let a person beware.’
cf.abbreviationcompare with (used to refer a reader to another written work or another part of the same written work).ORIGIN from Latin confer ‘compare.’
circa |ˈsərkə|preposition(often preceding a date) approximately: built circa 1935.ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: Latin.
curriculum vitae |kəˈrik(y)ələm ˈvēˌtī, ˈvītē| (abbr.: CV)noun (pl. curricula vitae |kəˈrik(y)ələ| )a brief account of a person's education, qualifications, and previous experience, typically sent with a job application.ORIGIN early 20th cent.: Latin, literally ‘course of life.’
en masse |än ˈmas|adverbin a group; all together: the board of directors resigned en masse.ORIGIN late 18th cent.: French, literally ‘in a mass.’
en route |än ˈro͞ot, en, äN|adverbduring the course of a journey; on the way: he stopped in Turkey en route to Geneva.ORIGIN late 18th cent.: French (see route) .
et al. |ˌet ˈal, ˌet ˈäl|abbreviationand others (used esp. in referring to academic books or articles that have more than one author): the conclusions of Gardner et al.ORIGIN from Latin et alii .
et cetera |et ˈsetərə, ˈsetrə| (also etcetera)adverbused at the end of a list to indicate that further, similar items are included: we'retrying to resolve problems of obtaining equipment, drugs, et cetera.• indicating that a list is too tedious or clichéd to give in full: we've all got to do our duty, pull our weight, et cetera, et cetera.ORIGIN Latin, from et ‘and’ and cetera ‘the rest’ (neuter plural of ceterus ‘left over’).
i.e. |ˌaɪ ˈi|abbreviationthat is to say (used to add explanatory information or to state something in different words): a walking boot that is synthetic, i.e., not leather or suede.ORIGIN from Latin id est ‘that is.’
in vitro |in ˈvēˌtrō|adjective& adverbBiology(of processes or reactions) taking place in a test tube, culture dish, or elsewhere outside a living organism: [ as adj. ] : in vitro fertilization. The opposite of in vivo.ORIGIN Latin, literally ‘in glass.’
in vivo |in ˈvēvō|adverb& adjectiveBiology(of processes) taking place in a living organism. The opposite of in vitro.ORIGIN Latin, ‘in a living thing.’
per capita |pər ˈkapitə|adverb& adjectivefor each person; in relation to people taken individually: [ as adv. ] : the state had fewer banks per capita than elsewhere | [ as adj. ] : per capita spending.ORIGIN late 17th cent.: Latin, literally ‘by heads.’
per se |pər ˈsā|adverbby or in itself or themselves; intrinsically: it is not these facts per se that are important.ORIGIN Latin.
post hoc |ˈpōst ˈhäk|adjective& adverboccurring or done after the event: a post hoc justification for the changes.PHRASESpost hoc, ergo propter hoc after this, therefore resulting from it: used to indicate that a causal relationship has erroneously been assumed from a merely sequential one.ORIGIN Latin, literally ‘after this.’
postmortem |pōstˈmôrtəm|noun(also postmortem examination)an examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death.• an analysis or discussion of an event held soon after it has occurred, esp. in order to determine why it was a failure: an election postmortem on why the party lost.adjective [ attrib. ]of or relating to a postmortem: a postmortem report.• happening after death: postmortem changes in his body | [ as adv. ] : assessment of morphology in nerves taken postmortem.ORIGIN mid 18th cent.: from Latin, literally ‘after death.’
RSVP |ˌɑ ˌrɛs ˌvi ˈpi|abbreviationrépondez s'il vous plaît, or please reply (used at the end of invitations to request aresponse).ORIGIN French.
voila |vwäˈlä| (also voilà)exclam.there it is; there you are: “Voila!” she said, producing a pair of strappy white sandals.ORIGIN French voilà .
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